What to see
Dialysis machines
A machine used in dialysis that filters a patient's blood to remove excess water and waste products when the kidneys are damaged,dysfunctional, or missing. The dialysis machine itself can be thought of as an artificial kidney. Inside, it consists of more plastic tubing that carries the removed blood to the dialyser, a bundle of hollow fibers that forms a semipermeable membrane for filtering out impurities. In the dialyser, blood is diffused with a saline solution called dialysate, and the dialysate is in turn diffused with blood. When the filtration process is complete, the cleansed blood is returned to the patient. Most patients who undergo dialysis because of kidney impairment or failure use a dialysis machine at a dialysis clinic. Also, a machine called a peritoneal dialysis machine can be used chronically at home for dialysis, which eliminates the need for regular hemodialysis clinic treatments. Using this machine during the day and frequently during sleep, the patient can control his/her own dialysis.
dialysis catheter
A dialysis catheter is a catheter used for exchanging blood to and from the hemodialysis machine from the patient.
The dialysis catheter contains two lumens:
This is a confusing terminology for layperson, because both lumens are in the vein. The arterial lumen (typically red) withdraws blood from the patient and carries it to dialysis machine, while the venous lumen (typically blue) returns blood to the patient (from the dialysis machine). Flow rates of dialysis catheters range between 200 to 500 ml/min.
If a patient requires long-term dialysis therapy, a chronic dialysis catheter will be inserted. Chronic catheters contain a dacron cuff that is tunneled beneath the skin approximately 3–8 cm. The tunnel is thought to add a barrier to infection. The most popular dialysis catheter sold on the market today is the split-tip dialysis catheter. This catheter comprises two free floating tips.
Dialysis fluid filters
The quality and purity of the dialysis fluid are of major concern in renal replacement therapies, as large volumes of dialysis fluid come into contact with the patient’s bloodstream during each treatment. This is particularly the case with online haemodiafiltration (HDF), in which large fluid volumes are exchanged.
Thus, the use of ultrapure dialysis fluid free from bacterial endotoxins and other microbial contamination is crucial in preventing undesirable acute reactions and influencing long-term patient outcomes. In addition, it has been shown to improve the control of anaemia, making it an important cornerstone of cardioprotective haemodialysis.1
The routine production of ultrapure dialysis fluid and substitution fluid (defined as endotoxins <0.03 IU/mL) relies on the implementation of ultrafilters – such as the DIASAFE®plus filter – within the fluid pathway of the dialysis machine. DIASAFE®plus filters are fitted as standard in the 5008/5008S therapy system and 4008S Next Generation to ensure a high degree of dialysis fluid purity.
| The quality and purity of the dialysis fluid are of major concern in renal replacement therapies, as large volumes of dialysis fluid come into contact with the patient’s bloodstream during each treatment. This is particularly the case with online haemodiafiltration (HDF), in which large fluid volumes are exchanged. Thus, the use of ultrapure dialysis fluid free from bacterial endotoxins and other microbial contamination is crucial in preventing undesirable acute reactions and influencing long-term patient outcomes. In addition, it has been shown to improve the control of anaemia, making it an important cornerstone of cardioprotective haemodialysis.1 The routine production of ultrapure dialysis fluid and substitution fluid (defined as endotoxins <0.03 IU/mL) relies on the implementation of ultrafilters – such as the DIASAFE®plus filter – within the fluid pathway of the dialysis machine. DIASAFE®plus filters are fitted as standard in the 5008/5008S therapy system and 4008S Next Generation to ensure a high degree of dialysis fluid purity. |
AV Fistula Needle Disposable Arterial Venous Fistula Needle Set
The product is composed of blood collection cannula, clamp, tubing, female luer lock connector. Fixed or rotating wing. ETO sterile. It is intended for use as a blood collection device for blood processing equipment or as a vascular access device for hemodialysis.
The product is composed of blood collection cannula, clamp, tubing, female luer lock connector. Fixed or rotating wing. ETO sterile. It is intended for use as a blood collection device for blood processing equipment or as a vascular access device for hemodialysis.
Bloodline systems with Luer Lock
and Spike connector for single-needle, single-needle cross-over and
double-needle therapy with Dialog or competitor machines.
Description
In the last years the dialysis therapy
has focused more specifically on the clinical situation of patients with chronic
renal failure, by promoting techniques and products designed as a global
therapeutic system.
Under this perspective, dialysis bloodlines have a key importance both for aspects of biocompatibility and of treatment safety & efficiency.
Today machines can monitor the treatment through biosensors integrated with the single-use device.
Under this perspective, dialysis bloodlines have a key importance both for aspects of biocompatibility and of treatment safety & efficiency.
Today machines can monitor the treatment through biosensors integrated with the single-use device.
The usage safety and the efficiency of bloodlines are compulsory to guarantee - together with the other components - the perfect performance of the dialysis treatment according to European standards and to nephrology guidelines.
Additionally, to the standard bloodline systems with
Luer Lock, these systems already have a pre-assembled spike and a recirculation
system (three-way cock, Discofix C). The system is qualified for the usage of
seperate NaCl containers for priming, reinfusion and potential bolus injectionin
cominbationwith the dialysis machines mentioned on the lable.
The spike enables the direct connection to the product
series Ecoflac plus, NaCl 0,9% and sterile infusion solution.
All the components needed for applying the new Ecoprime
system are already included in the pre-connected bloodline system.
Water filters blood
Water purification system
Quick Water Guide as a Dialysis Technician: Water Guide Tips for Dialysis Technicians
A solute is the solid that is dissolved in a liquid. The solvent is the liquid in which something is dissolved in. Water is the most abundant solvent there is. It will dissolve almost any solid particle to some extent, in varying times. We get most of our water from rain. As rain water passes through the air toward our reservoirs, it picks up impurities like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide gases. Since water makes up about 90% of dialysate, its proper treatment used for hemodialysis prevents any complications for the patients. Providing safe water, which is one of the best water guide tips for dialysis technicians to learn, also prevents potential damage to our equipment.
Established in 1974, the “safe drinking water act” is rooted on an average daily intake of 2 liters, or approximately 14 liters of water per week. 14 liters of water, along with its associated contaminants, pass through people with healthy kidneys each week. Meanwhile, in the same week, patients undergoing 3-4 hour dialysis treatments are exposed to about 360 liters of water and all the contaminants it could possibly hold. A healthy person can effectively handle some of the contaminants in drinking water. Since healthy kidneys remove most of these contaminants, people with end-stage renal disease do not have that protection. To be safe, water used for dialysis should pass through a water treatment system. This system, comprising a series of devices, takes out specific contaminants.
Water Guide Tips for Dialysis Technicians #1: Know your local water source and the types of contaminants in your water source.
Thoroughly examining the local water source, the water, and its possible contaminants beforehand will help determine the needed pretreatment components. What contaminants will you need to remove from the water? Bear in mind that the recommended standards set by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) for water used in Hemodialysis (RD52) are more detailed than drinking water standards. Only limited traces of elements, metals, salts, bacteria and fragments of dead bacteria are allowed, according to the guidelines. Generally, organic/inorganic chemical contaminants and microbial limits are periodically tested, usually once a month. The chart below lists the possible chemical contaminants present in water, their maximum allowable limits, and the symptoms patients may exhibit if contaminant levels are high.
Water Guide Tips for Dialysis Technicians #2: Pretreatment, water purification, and distribution are the three processes that make up the water treatment system for hemodialysis.
Each process of water treatment requires monitors in place to guarantee the safety for dialysis patients exposed to high volumes of water. These monitors provide alarms that alert staff members when contaminants in the water are too high for dialysis use. Periodic monitoring of water quality and temperature is very important if you want to keep your patients free from harm. Sampling of water to be tested are usually prescribed in intervals depending on the facility you work in. For instance, when testing for total chlorine, water samples are collected prior to first patient treatment and then every 4 hours. On the other hand, total water hardness, which could cause scaling of the membranes if too high, is collected at the end of each treatment day. Microbial cultures are tested at least once a month, inorganic chemical contaminants are tested once a year.
Water Guide Tips for Dialysis Technicians #3: Know the typical pretreatment components.
No comments:
Post a Comment